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The philosophy of Thoreau and Nietzsche aims at returning man back into his natural condition, which he has been deprived due to the development of modem civilization. As Thoreau underlines, man’s alienation form nature results from his dissolution in the world of things and takes the form of his enslavement by the products of his own work. On the other hand, Nietzsche suggests, that the nihilistic European civilization leads to a herd-like behaviour, diminishes men’s will to life and his ability to become an authentic being.