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In the paper the author analyzes bearing themes of Hrušovský’s theoretical-philosophical activity from the end of the thirties and the beginning of the forties. This period of his activity was characterized by his programmatic effort to constitute scientific philosophy. Hrušovsky was inspired by theoretical-methodological scientism of neopositivist provenance as well as by structuralism and Marxist dialectics. The author particularly lays stress on the fact that Hrušovský refused neo-positivist standpoints and attitudes to some basic philosophical problems, he did not accepted positivist reductionism and agnosticism. As regards existence and cognizability of objective reality he held critical-realistic gnoseological standpoint. He paid great attention to questions of real causality, determinism and law. Problems of the development of scientific thought, its social-historical determination as well as the dialectics of social-historical and cultural development stood in the centre of his interests at the beginning of the forties. He successively overcame the initial positivist sources of inspiration and he was working his way to the standpoint of the dialectical-materialist way of thinking.