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One of the typical features of contemporary antropologism is its anti-scientism. The aim of the paper is to show the basic anti-scientistic starting-points of anthrapologism as they were formed till the middle of the sixties of the 20th century and to demonstrate it on the existentialist conception of J. P. Sartre. Beginning with Husserl’s criticism of science and its influence on the antiscientisticaly oriented currents of contemporary idealism, the author reveals two aspects of the anti-scientistic criticism of science: the link of anti-scientism and irrationalism and their consequences for • cognition of human substance. As existentialism is still an influential current on the American continent, the second part of the paper deals with the existentialist criticism of science. The author concentrates, in particular, on J. P. Sartre, who, in his second fundamental work The Critique of Dialectical Reason brought his criticism of science and scientific cognition as far as to the criticism of scientific materialist dialectics and to desinterpretation of dialectical and historical materialism. In the end the author calls the reader’s attention to the tendency in bourgeois philosophic conceptions of the seventies which is typical of uniting these principles as they were formulated in the clear form in traditional currents of the 20th century idealism.