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The author analyses the interpretation of dialectics of scientific knowledge and dialectics as the method of research in the conception of Ferdinand Gonseth — an important representative of neorationalist philosophy of science. She shows positive moments of this interpretation: In general Gonseth correctly conceives the dialectics of the absolute and the relative, the essence and phenomenon, the discrete and continuous in the development of scientific knowledge, the cyclic aspect of scientific method. She points at the same time at basic deficience of Gonseth’s conception: its dependence on the scientism, neglecting materialist dialectics and phenomenalism.