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Abstrakt

Cognition and evaluation are two forms of one and the same process of man’s acquiring the world. Both the cognitive and the axiological aspects of acquiring the world from a dialectical unit. Their distinction is only an abstraction from the sole process. It is ’’the reflecting” of the significance of reality through our practice and for our practice that is referred to as values. This characteristics solves successfully the problem of objectiveness and thus also that of intersubjectiveness ofvalues. Like in cognition, the practice is the determining moment also in axiology. If in the primitive communal society the man as the human species stood against nature in order to subdue it, and the individual identified himself literally with the collective in this difficult struggle, the succession of the society of private ownership indicates the change of the pyramid of values. It was only the bourgeois ownership that directed the antagonism of the individual and the society to extreme limits. The succession of the working class and, at the same time, of Marxism solves both these extremes in the dialectical unity. Today we struggle for the liberation of the individual through the liberation of "the collective”, through the liberating act of this collective.